The iron core constitutes the magnetic circuit of a transformer; typically constructed from stacked silicon steel laminations, it serves to concentrate and conduct magnetic flux, thereby enhancing electromagnetic conversion efficiency. The design of the iron core directly impacts the transformer's power losses and operational stability.
The windings (coils)-classified into primary and secondary windings-form the core component responsible for voltage transformation. These windings are typically wound using copper or aluminum conductors and are paired with insulating materials to ensure safe operation under high-voltage conditions.
The insulation system-comprising materials such as insulating paper, insulating oil (in oil-immersed transformers), and insulating varnish-functions to prevent short circuits between windings, as well as between the windings and the iron core, while simultaneously enhancing the equipment's dielectric strength.
Additional components include the oil tank and cooling system (commonly found in oil-immersed units), which house the transformer oil and facilitate heat dissipation; the tap changer, used to regulate the output voltage; and the bushings, which serve to lead out the high- and low-voltage terminals while ensuring external electrical insulation safety.
